• Mammalian cells have two distinct DNA repair pathways

  2019-09-04

  

  Mammalian cytochalasin d have two distinct DNA repair pathways for DSBs, NHEJ and HR. Our data are consistent with the suggestion that the DNA–PK-mediated NHEJ pathway recognizes DSBs faster than the HR pathway and acts before the activation of the DNA damage S-phase checkpoint. The activation of NH

• We examined the function of

  2019-09-04

  

  We examined the function of immobilised THPs by seeding cells transfected with DDR2-Flag on derivatised crosslinked collagen films, then detecting the phosphorylation of tyrosine 740 (Y740) on the intracellular domain of DDR2 [50]. This regulatory residue is a target for the intracellular tyrosine k

• br Results br Discussion The most

  2019-09-04

  

  Results Discussion The most relevant overall finding was that DDR1 is present in myelin and is probably synthesized by oligodendrocytes. This result was supported by three different approaches. First, we detected presence of DDR1 mRNA in myelin by ISH. Second, the pattern of DDR1 immunostainin

• Introduction Hepatocarcinoma is a common and

  2019-09-04

  

  Introduction Hepatocarcinoma is a common and aggressive form of cancer (Trad et al., 2017). Due to a high rate of postoperative recurrence and metastasis, the prognosis for HCC remains dismal (Wang et al., 2017a, 2017b). Subclinical metastasis is the major cause responsible for tumor recurrence and

• Although the crystal structures of Atg C

  2019-09-03

  

  Although the crystal structures of Atg4C and Atg4D are not available, their three dimensional structures can be acquired by homology modeling, using the structure of Atg4B as a template (Zhang, Li, Ouyang, Liu, & Cheng, 2016). In that model, the catalytic triad is conserved (Cys110/Asp345/His347 for

• Another option is to use the thiol groups

  2019-09-03

  

  Another option is to use the thiol groups of cysteine residues, which can be modified by use of PEG-maleimide and vinyl sulfone. However, changes in PEGylation interactions or reaction conditions can result in changes in the functional properties of the therapeutic proteins [[50], [51], [52]]. A st

• Water inorganic salts sugars lipids nucleic acids and

  2019-09-03

  

  Water, inorganic salts, sugars, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins are the main basic materials forming the organism. Life activities can be controlled or regulated by a series of complicated and chain-reactive protein–protein interactions. Protein–protein interaction is considered as the bases and

• In patients with CTEPH ET

  2019-09-03

  

  In patients with CTEPH, ET-1 levels are raised and have been shown to fall after PEA surgery [24]. After an acute pulmonary embolism there is obstruction of the pulmonary bosentan pathway by acute thrombus and elevated levels of ET-1 [28], [30]. Elevated levels of ET-1 have also been observed in ai

• peptide receptors Our earlier experimental studies showed ne

  2019-09-03

  

  Our earlier experimental studies showed \"neutral\", i.e. non-proliferative, effects of progesterone but a large increase in proliferation using certain progestins; however, this was only in the presence of PGRMC1 [[13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]]. The next step was to investigate whether t

• FGF ERK signaling has been implicated in epithelial mesenchy

  2019-09-03

  

  FGF/ERK signaling has been implicated in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in a wide range of tissues (Huh et al., 2015, Klein et al., 2006, Rice et al., 2004, Zhang et al., 2006, El Ramy et al., 2005, Volckaert and Langhe, 2015). During embryonic organogenesis and in adult organs, we often observ

• br Stem cell based therapies In the previous years

  2019-09-03

  

  Stem cell–based therapies In the previous years, excessive efforts have been conducted to induce the least aggression and more efficient sources of human cardiomyocytes for different application, particularly for myocardial regeneration. The pluripotent stem cell seems to be an appropriate candid

• Multiple technologies exist for analyzing the contents of si

  2019-09-03

  

  Multiple technologies exist for analyzing the contents of single cells, including single-cell DNA sequencing, RNA expression analysis, and protein level and activity measurements (Hu et al., 2018; Narrandes & Xu, 2018; Ortega et al., 2017; Wang & Navin, 2015). Single-cell DNA sequencing is generally

• Endothelins ETs are peptides expressed

  2019-09-02

  

  Endothelins (ETs) are peptides expressed in both the peripheral and the central nervous systems, which can contribute to sensory changes seen in animal models of inflammatory, cancer and neuropathic pain [10], [11]. All three mammalian isoforms (ET-1, ET-2 and ET-3) activate specific G protein-coupl

• br Author Contributions br Acknowledgments This work was sup

  2019-09-02

  

  Author Contributions Acknowledgments This work was supported, in part, by a grant from the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health under Grant U01CA202241 and National Institutes of Health under Grant R01NS083856. Introduction The Eph (erythropoietin-producing human

• br Materials and methods br

  2019-09-02

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion It has been demonstrated that up-regulation of EPHB4 impaired trophoblast migration and invasion during placentation, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia [11], [24]. However, the upstream regulating mechanism of EPHB4 expression

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